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Showing posts with label communication. Show all posts
Showing posts with label communication. Show all posts

August 22, 2014

Children With Autism Have Extra Synapses In Their Brains

www.iflscience.com | by Lisa Winter

Photo credit: (Left) Excess synapses in the brain of a child with autism (Right) Properly pruned synapses of a developmentally typical child. Credit: Guomei Tang/Mark S. Sonders/Columbia University Medical Center


Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects about 1 in 68 children born in the United States. In an effort to find out why, a group of researchers led by David Sulzer at Columbia University Medical Center examined the synapses in the brains of children with autism. They discovered that during childhood, children with autism do not undergo regular synaptic pruning, resulting in having an excess. This also identified a potential conversion of genetic targets that could be used to create a new treatment for ASD. The paper was published in the journal Neuron
Throughout childhood development, regular cellular processes get rid of about half of the synapses the child was born with. Synapses allow neurons to communicate with one another through chemical or electrical signaling. Though some have speculated that excess synapses could be a sign of autism, there had not been any studies on the matter until now.  Read more

October 17, 2012

Social Life on the Spectrum - Autism after 16

















 Autism After 16 | By Zosia Zaks

Everyone has some memory that continues to thrill us years later: our first real friend, the first time we went on a date, the time we received an award at work. These memories are sweet and they have a direct impact on our confidence. Human beings derive not just pleasure but also self-respect, a sense of dignity, and a sense of meaning from succeeding socially.

Almost always in my line of work as an autism consultant and educator, the biggest stereotype about autistic adults that I encounter is that having autism-related social challenges means no socializing. Autism is automatically correlated to a preference for isolation or a reduced interest in social contact.

But in reality, individuals on the autism spectrum are, after all, people—human beings with the same hopes, dreams, concerns, and capacity to love as everyone else. I have rarely met anyone—on or off the autism spectrum—who is not comforted by the presence of others, and who does not seek to relate to others one way or another. With this idea as the starting point, the following article explores the impact of social challenges on relationships of all sorts without ignoring corresponding strengths. Strategies to enhance social fluidity and success are also discussed.


Socializing: What Is It and Why Is It So Hard?
Of course I knew the rule, don’t talk to strangers. But the usher at the movie theater wasn’t a stranger anymore, right? After all, we had talked for a few minutes. When I was invited into the little booth to see the movie reels, I couldn’t read the social signals indicating potential trouble.

Every act of social interaction between two people or more is a complex series of delivering and receiving information, making adjustments based on data gleaned, and following through on decisions about what to do. Think about making a friend: First, you have to go somewhere or be doing an activity where you might meet someone to befriend. Then, you have to decode often very subtle cues that another person might want to be your friend. The process of becoming friends involves initiating communication, utilizing and processing verbal and nonverbal language, judging friendship potential, regulating and expressing emotions, sharing interests, establishing rules for joint activities, demarcating interpersonal boundaries, and navigating conflicts. And that is just a friendship! Imagine the added layers of complexity if you want to find someone to date!

Autism-related differences in the wiring of the brain can make socializing an arduous process. Everything from sensory issues to social cognition can factor into the difficulty. Brain-based differences impact the ability... READ MORE >>


About the Author - Writer
Zosia Zaks, M.Ed., CRC, is an adult on the autism spectrum and the parent of two daughters on the spectrum. In addition to contributing to AA16, Zaks is a Certified Rehabilitation Counselor.

Image courtesy of  FreeDigitalPhotos.net

September 2, 2012

Faith Jegede: Autism through a sibling's eyes

Poet and writer Faith Jegede draws on her experiences growing up with two autistic brothers in order to spread awareness and understanding about this increasingly common diagnosis.
“Beautiful content, Inspiring and eye-opening. Great message delivered with patience, without blame and an earnest sincerity that makes us look introspectively at ourselves and society. Great work!”


See More videos: Click Here

September 1, 2012

Autism in the News

Free image courtesy of FreeDigitalPhotos.net

  1. Axing of autism home tuition 'rash cost-cutting'


    Irish Examiner
    Children with autism are having their home tuition halted and instead are being ordered to attend new special needs units, according to one of ...
  2. Autism linked to older fathers


    BioEdge
    Two contemporary trends have been linked by a recent article in Nature: the rising age of first-time fathers and the increasing rate of autism. The study, based on ...
  3. WALKING FOR AUTISM:Local family in step with fundraiser

    The Daily News Journal
    Both her 9-year-old son, Caleb, and 4-year-old daughter, Lydia Rose, are on the autism spectrum, although both manifest in very different ways ...
  4. GUEST COLUMN: How CCPS is addressing Autism Spectrum ...


    Culpeper Star Exponent
    We've all heard the startling statistic that one in 88 children has a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), an increase of 173% from 10 ...
    Ask Doctor K‎ Sioux City Journal
    all 2 news articles »
  5. Garda autism help


    Leinster Express
    The Autism Safety Plan is the brainchild of Portlaoise's Community Policing Garda Seargent Justine Reilly. She came up with the idea of a ...

  6. Autism: It's personal


    HollandSentinel.com
    There's a saying: “If you meet one person with autism, you've met one person with autism,” Cathy Louden said. Autism is a term used for ...
  7. Teachers learn teaching methods for autistic kids


    San Francisco Chronicle
    McNee and Nancy Dartnall, a Ph.D. specializing in autism, were demonstrating how the University of North Carolina's TEACCH method could ...

  8. Hispanic Children Focus of New Study on Developmental Delay and ...


    KQED (blog) 
    Hispanic children have had a lower rate of autism than other children — although their cases tend to be more severe. Researchers wondered ...
  9. The Age of Autism Book


    Age of Autism
    "I wonder whether autistic enterocolitis isn't a kind of SSPE with a weakened (vaccine) virus," Kathy Blanco wrote in an e-mail this week, with a ...
  10. "All Out for Autism" 5K Raises $17000


    Patch.com
    The fourth annual New Canaan “All Out for Autism” 5K Walk/Run Road Race on Friday evening, August 24, raised about $17,000 for children ...

August 30, 2012

10 Tips on How to Communicate with Autistic People

In response to brydensmommy at myautismteam.com
What follows is an article that I hope helps others understand Autism better.

Guest Post by Steve Summers*

1. Please always keep in mind that communication difficulties are common with Autism. We have difficulties in reading social cues and body language. Be patient and understanding.
2. We tend to take things literally and have often trouble reading between the lines. As a result, we may ask a lot of questions to clarify what is meant by something that you say. I have been told that I ask a lot of questions. Don’t be offended by this. It is our way of being sure that we understand what you are telling us. We may repeat back to you in our own words to try and get on the same page as you.
3. If we misunderstand something that you say, please be patient and expand on what you said and explain what you meant. Don’t assume a negative or hostile intent from us if we misunderstand something that you said. Keep in mind that communication can be difficult for us. Things that come naturally to you take extra effort by us.
4. Please don’t get offended by our communication style. We tend to be frank, honest and matter of fact. Some people may interpret this as blunt or rude. We don’t intend to offend you by not sugar coating the things that we say. We don’t intend to be rude. Please don’t get defensive or assume that we are attacking you. Remember that communicating is hard for us. Don’t make negative assumptions. Too often we get corrected or attacked by someone who fails to give us some slack and the benefit of the doubt.
5. Please don’t expect eye contact. We may be able to force eye contact, but it is not comfortable for us. Making eye contact takes a conscious effort. This effort may take away from listening and understanding what you are saying. I tend to look at a person’s mouth more often than their eyes. Other autistic people will rarely look at your face. This is ok.
6. Please keep in mind that we most likely have been rejected, excluded, ridiculed or bullied in the past. If we seem anxious or insecure this may be due to living in a world that misunderstands us and is often hostile to us. We have to work hard to reach out to others. Please work at reaching back to us with understanding and kindness. If we feel that you are ignoring us we will feel bad about that. We may persist in asking for feedback from you. Please be reassuring and clearly express your support for us.
7. Please don’t speak down to us. Treat us as equals. We may sound flat or have an unusual tone to our voice. We may not speak with our voice at all. We may need to type our words. Please be patient with us. It may take us a while to formulate our answers.
8. Please don’t talk too loudly or yell at us. It is very jarring to us. It makes me jump when someone comes up to me and talks too loudly. It is like having someone jump out in the dark yelling “BOO!” at me. It causes an adrenalin dump in my body. I don’t like this.
9. Please do NOT touch us without warning. It will make us jump. We don’t like unexpected touches.
10. Please don’t assume that we lack empathy or emotion. We pick up on negative or judgmental attitudes. We know when people look down on us or are hostile to us. We will shut down if you show us a lack of respect.
Please keep in mind that we are all different. These issues will vary from person to person. The above tips are written from my perspective as an autistic person. This is just a guide. Feel free to ask me any questions so that I may expand and clarify any areas that aren’t clear to you. Thank you for reading this guide. ~ Steve Summers

*Steve Summers

I was diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome (part of the Autism Spectrum) as an adult. I was diagnosed following my 11-year-old son’s diagnosis with Aspergers. I am happy to have my diagnosis. It was like a light being turned on that illuminated my entire life in a new way. Now I understand why I never really ‘fit in.’ It is like having a huge weight lifted off of my shoulders to have my diagnosis.
I don’t feel that people should make divisions between parts of the Autism Spectrum. I am autistic and I want to work to make the world a better, more understanding and accepting place for all autistic people. We need to work together for the benefit of all on the Autism Spectrum. 
I wrote this list due to continuing difficulties that I have had with the give and take of communicating with others. Many people seem too easily offended because they fail to understand these things about me. We all need understanding and acceptance.
Source: Click here

July 25, 2012

How can I help with my child's language development?

I would just like to stress how IMPORTANT this article from the Autism Awareness Centre is. Early detection is key in dealing with Autism. If you're put on a waiting list; DON'T WAIT! TAKE ACTION ASAP.
Free image courtesy of FreeDigitalPhotos.net


Perhaps you fit one of these parenting scenarios. You suspect your child has a language delay and are on a six-month waiting list for an assessment. In the meantime, you want to take affirmative action to help your child. Or maybe your child has been diagnosed with a language delay, is receiving therapy, but you want to provide additional parental support at home. There are several strategies a parent can use at home to assist in language development: following the child’s lead, balance turn taking, match what your child is doing, wait for communication, and listen to communication attempts...

The complete article covers:
  • Following the Child's Lead
  • Balance Turn Taking
  • Match What Your Child is Doing
  • Wait for Communication
  • Listen to Communication Attempts


RELATED ARTICLES:

July 20, 2012

10 Apps to Help Children with Autism and Their Parents


You’ve probably heard the marketing slogan: 
“There’s an app for that,” and the truth is, regardless of what you’re searching for, there probably is an app designed to make it easier. Recently, many parents of children on the autism spectrum have found that there are an abundance of apps on the market to help manage the challenges that come with autism. Some apps communicate for autistic people, while others help them learn the skills to interact with others on their own. There are even apps to track the progress of a child’s treatment, so a parent can decide on the next best course of action.
While there are similarities between all autistic children, there are also many differences. This is why there is no one app that is perfect for every autistic child or adult. You must find one that has features that play on the end users strengths and work on his or her weaknesses. Which app is appropriate for each child is up to the parents and professionals who know him or her best.

Below are 10 APPS that are helpful for autistic children and their parents

1. The  Grace Picture Exchange was designed to allow the user to communicate by building sentences from images. It can give a voice to an autistic person who has trouble communicating verbally, and it can be taken with them virtually anywhere. This app is perfect for an autistic child whose spelling skills are not fully developed. Available for iPhone, itouch or iPad.

2. Behavior Tracker Pro – This application allows behavioral therapists, teachers and parents to track and graph a child’s behavior. Designed by a board certified behavior analyst to capture video and track data to help evaluate the efficacy of your child’s treatment plan. Available for iPhone, itouch, iPad, Android and Blackberry.


3. MyVoice is another communication aid that can help children overcome the language challenges that often come with autism. MyVoice allows users to program and save phrases and explanations that they commonly use. It even suggests relevant words and phrases based on the user’s physical location, making it one of the most user-friendly apps on the market. If the user is at a movie theater, he or she will see prompts related to buying popcorn or movie tickets. If the user is at a train station, the prompts may help him or her learn how to ask about the train schedule.

4. Model Me Going Places is an iPhone and iPad app designed to help people with autism learn to navigate places in his or her community. Each of the 6 locations (including playground, grocery store, mall, doctor, restaurant and hairdresser) is linked to a slideshow that displays appropriate behavior for that setting. Consider this a pared down version of MyVoice. It doesn’t detect the user’s location, nor does it have as many locations, but it could be helpful to those who want to start with something very simple.

5. Fizz Brain: Quality Learning Games by Real Classroom Teachers – This app was specifically designed for autistic children. It includes games that help them practice social skills like eye contact and expanding their minds with other fun and educational games. Fizz Brain does not help the user communicate directly, but it does offer a fun way for him or her to learn communication skills that can be practiced later.



6. iMean – iMean was among the first apps designed for Apple’s iPad as a learning tool to help autistic people with communication. This app will transform the iPad screen into an oversized keyboard, which will allow the user to communicate with others through text as opposed to words. The user can see the text displayed and as he or she writes, the program will begin predicting the typed words. After using this program for some time, you can expect the user’s communication skills and vocabulary to improve.
7. My Choice Board – My Choice Board is an app that presents the user with visual choices for different categories. It can be customized to the user’s preferences. For example, if he or she likes to drink grape juice and apple juice, those choices can be programmed for him or her to access whenever they need to make a drink choice. This is a very straightforward app without a lot of bells and whistles, but it can really help the autistic user simplify the decision-making process, which can be especially beneficial in uncomfortable social situations.

8. See.Touch.Learn is an app that was specifically designed for the parents of children with special needs. With this iPad app, a parent can program lessons, using his or her own voice. For example, the mom of an autistic child can setup a picture of an apple to show on the screen and record her voice saying the words “Click on the apple.” The child will associate a familiar voice with this unfamiliar method of learning and will be more likely to feel comfortable using the program. Of course, that translates to increased learning.

9. Smile at Me – This app developed for the iPhone, iPad or iPod Touch, was designed to help children with autism interpret social cues to determine when smiling is appropriate. The program involves repetition and rewards children for smiling in the appropriate situations.




10. Sosh was developed by a pediatric psychologist to help autistic children build social skills. It divides social functioning into five areas: Relate, Relax, Regulate, Reason and Recognize. Through these categories, autistic children can learn how to relate with other children and adults.
Apps like the ones listed above are changing the way we communicate with autistic people – and more importantly, how autistic people communicate with the world. In the past, communication devices were available for autistic people, but they were not portable or user-friendly. It can be difficult for some to understand how revolutionary it is to have this technology at the fingertips of autistic people. Just think of how difficult it would be to navigate an unfamiliar city, if you had to leave your map (or GPS) at home. You’d be weaving in and out of the streets, trying to find your way based on memory or the kindness of strangers. You might feel frightened or confused, and that would be understandable. This is similar to the way many autistic people feel navigating through social settings without any guidance. These apps give power to autistic people, allowing them to communicate on their own in order to live a more independent life.
What are your thoughts on the use of apps for this population? Have you had any experience with any of these apps? Which ones work? Which ones don’t? Are there others we should add to the list? We welcome your feedback!

June 2, 2012

What are visual supports and what is the best way to use them?

Answer:

People on the autism spectrum tend to learn best using visual supports rather than through auditory input. Seeing it, rather than saying it, helps the person retain and process information. Temple Grandin, the most famous woman in the world with autism, describes being a visual thinker in her excellent book "Thinking in Pictures". 

Visual supports can be used to: create daily/weekly schedules, show sequential steps in a task such as a bedtime routine or getting dressed, demonstrate units of time, make a “to do” list, or to aide communication. How can we best use visual s... more »